Overview

Education is the prime mover of the change making mission of Jindal Foundation. The Foundation has been implementing multi-faceted Programmes across India to improve the quality of mass education, School education, Skill Education, Special Education for the Persons with special needs and Higher education at par with world standard.

Pursuing its mission on universal education , the Foundation has been focussed upon Pre School education , 100 % enrolment , 100 % school attendance , Zero School dropout and 100 % Pass out and accordingly implementing various projects.

Alignment with Global Goals, National Priorities & Local Context:

Jindal Foundation's activities in the education field directly address the specific targets laid out for the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4: Ensure inclusive and quality education for all and promote lifelong learning.

The Foundation's educational initiatives are based on the precept that learning is an on-going life process, and they thus span a broad range of ages and activities—from promoting school enrolment and educational quality to providing functional literacy and vocational training to adults. Align to National Priorities Jindal Foundation recognizes education as one of the building blocks of the nation and thus considers it a priority area for its social developmental initiatives. Jindal Foundation seeks to support and supplement state efforts to strengthen quality mass education in local government schools, through initiatives that bring local schools into alignment with the norms of India's Right to Education Act and the impetus behind the forthcoming New Education Policy to provide inclusive, quality education to develop productive, responsible, and globally aware citizens. Jindal Foundation's aim is to nurture and educate young minds so that they contribute to the nation's development.

In JSP's areas of operation which is mostly in the rural areas in India, the teaching and learning environment in vernacular schools used to have short falls like as in lower proportion of student teacher ratio and inadequate infrastructure. The Foundation's initiatives in this area thus seek in part to supplement the provisions of the public system by providing trained community teachers, improving school, and supplying equipment, books, financial assistance, and nutritional support. We thus also work to expand the options available to learners of all ages and abilities through facilities to promote computer literacy, make higher education accessible to students of low-income families via scholarships, and spread functional literacy and vocational skills among vulnerable groups.

Highlights of such initiatives in Education are:

  • OPJGU- OP Jindal Global University
  • OPJU- OP Jindal University
  • OPJS- OP Jindal Schools
  • JIPT- Jindal Institute of Power Technology
  • ASHA- The Hope
Education

O.P. Jindal Global (Institution of Eminence Deemed To Be University) is a non-profit global university established in 2009 by the Government of Haryana and recognised by the University Grants Commission (UGC). The university has received the highest grade 'A' of the National Accreditation & Assessment Council (NAAC). In 2019, JGU was awarded the prestigious 'Institution of Eminence' status by the Government of India

O.P. Jindal Global University (JGU) was founded as a philanthropic initiative of its Founding Chancellor, Mr. Naveen Jindal, in memory of his father, Shri O.P. Jindal, is a non-profit global university established in 2009 by the Government of Haryana and recognised by the University Grants Commission (UGC). The university has received the highest grade 'A' of the National Accreditation & Assessment Council (NAAC) and is spread over 80 acres in Sonepat in Haryana. In 2019, JGU was awarded the prestigious 'Institution of Eminence' status by the Government of India.

JGU is ranked among the top 800 universities in the world in the QS World University Rankings 2020. JGU is ranked as one of the global top 50 universities under 50 years of age in the Rankings. JGU was ranked among the top 450 universities in Asia in the QS World University Rankings in 2019. JGU (Jindal Global Law School) ranked No.1 in India. It is the first only Indian Private University (Law School) ranked among the top 100 in the world by QS World University Ranking 2021.

In line with its aspiration to serve as a role model for institutional excellence in higher education, JGU has made significant progress towards achieving the goal through its ten schools; three research, capacity building and training institutes; and multiple research initiatives and centres. JGU is one of the few universities in Asia that maintains a 1:9 faculty-student ratio and appoints faculty members from India and different parts of the world with outstanding academic qualifications and experience.

JGU is a research-intensive university deeply committed to its core institutional values of interdisciplinary and innovative pedagogy; pluralism and rigorous scholarship; and globalism and international engagement. With leading researchers, modern facilities and an innovative learning culture, JGU is committed to providing high quality education, delivering research and supporting scholarship that is highly valued by its local and global communities.

Unique Achievement:

  • Providing 2000+ Scholarships for students from poor and marginalized backgrounds.
  • O.P. Jindal Global University (JGU), India and the United Nations University (UNU), Japan have signed MoU for higher education and research.
  • Promising Private University for Research and Innovation by IIRF and FWA
  • Most Promising Corporate Governed University by New Normal Education Summit
  • Positioned in the band of 151-300 in the innovation category of NIRF ranking, Ministry of Education, Govt. of India.

For more details, please visit:

jgu.edu.in

Education

OP Jindal University at Raigarh, known as the University of Steel Technology and Management, is the only University in India catering the need of Steel and Power Industries. OPJU supported by Jindal Steel and Power, is a Multidisciplinary university of choice to develop globally expectable future leaders and entrepreneurs who can work at multiple levels of responsibilities. The OPJU is spread across a residential campus of 34 acres and with over 300,000 square feet of academic space, student residences to house more than 1000 students, and extensive facilities for students, staff and faculty; University offers UG, PG and Ph. D programs across all its schools

OP Jindal University (OPJU), Punjipathra, Raigarh was granted full University status by the Legislative Assembly of the State of Chhattisgarh in 2014, and is recognized by the University Grants Commission, Government of India. Engineering and Management programs of the University are also approved by AICTE.

OP Jindal University, known as the University of Steel Technology and Management, is the only University in India catering the need of Steel and Power Industries. OPJU supported by Jindal Steel and Power Limited, is a Multidisciplinary university of choice to develop globally expectable future leaders and entrepreneurs who can work at multiple levels of responsibilities. The OPJU is spread across a residential campus of 34 acres and with over 300,000 square feet of academic space, student residences to house more than 1000 students, and extensive facilities for students, staff and faculty; University offers UG, PG and Ph. D programs across all its schools i.e.

School of Engineering (SOE):Offers B.Tech, M.Tech, PhD in Mechanical, Metallurgical, Computer Science, Civil and Electrical Engineering,

School of Management (SOM): Offers B.Com(Hons), BBA, MBA and PhD in Marketing, Finance, HR and Operations

School of Science (SOS): Offers BSc (Hons), MSc and PhD in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics.

Centre of Steel Technology and Product Development (CSTPD): Conducting research on reducing carbon footprint and thereby promoting green steel making.

In a short span of time since our inception in 2014, OPJU has accomplished a lot and recognized as an emerging, and most trusted technical University of the country. We are very carefully building the vision of our Hon'ble Chairman Mr. Naveen Jindal by developing state-of-art laboratories with modern equipment and latest software, recruiting well qualified and globally experienced faculty, establishing multiple center of excellences, adopting experiential and learning by doing teaching–learning pedagogy, designing industry and research-linked curriculum, harnessing international collaborations and tie-ups, promoting research, focusing on career services and skills development of the students.

At the core of the university's philosophy and approach lies the belief that students learn best when exposed to real world situations and enriching interactions with practitioners and professors. We at OPJU believe that every student has innate potential that can be unlocked through quality teaching and mentorship.

It aims to build an institution where students learn by doing, where real world challenges find practical solutions and innovation happens by design and not by chance.

It is an attempt to make world class education accessible to deserving students both in metros and in smaller towns of India. Through its modern infrastructure, multi-disciplinary programs and enriching campus life — the University aims to be an exemplary talent pool not only for India but also for the world. The close proximity of the Group's companies like Jindal Steel and Power Limited, Jindal Power, Nalwa Steel & Power Limited etc. provides the students with access to real-life projects and mentorship of senior professionals from industry.

Unique Achievement:

  • Recognized as an Institution of Eminence by the Ministry of Education, GoI
  • No. 1 Private University in India in the QS World University Rankings from 2011 to 2023.
  • 12 schools, with 12,000+ students and 45+ programmes with 1:9 faculty-student ratio.
  • Achieved State Rank 1 in IIRF 2024 Ranking.
  • Achieved NAAC A+++ Grading by UGC, Govt. of Inida
  • No. 1 Green University Award in Chhattisgarh State

For more details, please visit:

www.opju.ac.in

Education

Jindal Institute of Power Technology (JIPT) is recognized by the Central Electricity Authority (CEA), Ministry of Power as a category-I Institute. It aims to produce technically trained professionals for power utilities in India and abroad and prepares students to operate or undertake maintenance of power-generating stations of 100 MW and above capacity. JIPT is located inside the 4X250 MW+4X600 MW Jindal Thermal Power Plant in Tamnar, Chhatisgarh.

Jindal Institute of Power Technology (JIPT) is a part of US$ 22 billion O P Jindal Group. JIPT is recognized by Central Electricity Authority (CEA), Ministry of Power, Government of India, as a category-1 Institute.

Key Features of Jindal Institute of Power Technology (JIPT) are:

The Institute is centrally Located Within The Premises Of O.P. Jindal Super Thermal Power Plant, Tamnar (CG) which allows the trainees to get regular exposure to the running power station of 4×250 mw & 4×600 mw. this facility, being unique, enhances the overall knowledge of students related to operation and maintenance of modern power plants.

  • The Institute Has State-Of-The-Art High Fidelity Dynamic Full Scope Replica DCS (Distributed Control Systems) Simulators Of 135 MW CFBC, 250 MW & 600 MW PF Firing Based To Train Both Fresh And Experienced Engineers.
  • JIPT Has Excellent Miniature Engineering Model Room, Multi-Media CBT Packages, Well Equipped Labs, Library, Fully Air-Conditioned Classrooms, Computer Lab, Multi-Purpose Auditorium & Conference Hall.
  • It Provides Fully Furnished And Air-Conditioned Rooms, Inside The Institute's Campus. The Hostel Has All Amenities Like Mess, Gymnasium, Indoor And Outdoor Games To Make Living Comfortable For The Trainees.
  • The Institute's Uniqueness Lies In The Fact That It Provides Hands-On Training To Its Students In The Group Own Power Plants. JIPT Conducts Training Programmes On Power Plant Operation And Maintenance For Diploma / Graduate Engineers And Power Plant Personnel Of Various Power Utilities. Vocational Training Is Also Arranged For Engineering Students. The Institute Aims To Produce Technically Trained Professionals For Power Utilities In India And Abroad, And Prepares Trainees To Operate, Maintain And Manage Power Generating Stations.

International reach: JIPT has conducted training programmes for international power engineering trainees.

JIPT has established a name and reputation in the Thermal Power Generation Training area in the country with remarkable placement figures. Many recognised training institutes are opting JIPT for all power training, simulator training and other specialised training courses. Annual national seminars and conferences are well attended by top industry professionals. JIPT is poised to take a quantum leap by incorporating renewable energy and other energy training modules.

JIPT is well guided by Jindal Education and social welfare society. Jindal Power Ltd (JPL). Jindal Steel & Power Ltd are providing all necessary support to JIPT through Jindal Foundation in excelling.

For more details, please visit:

www.jipt.org/about-jipt/

Education

The School Infrastructure Development Initiative aims to improve the overall learning environment for students by investing in the construction, renovation, and maintenance of educational facilities. This initiative focuses on providing safe, modern, and well-equipped schools that foster a conducive atmosphere for teaching and learning. Based upon the request of district administration, Jindal Foundation aims at enhancing learning conditions, promote equal opportunities, and uplift communities by focusing on essential aspects like building construction & renovation, construction of school boundary wall, laboratory rooms, lavatories drinking water facility creation, electrification, provisioning of educational infrastructure, advancement of technology through installation of smart board, digital interactive periodic tables, installation of solar invertors and creation of canopy in schools. Such initiatives not only contribute to the growth of the education sector but also demonstrate the commitment of businesses towards social welfare and sustainable development. Through such initiative, over 400 primary and high schools, and 500 Anganwadies being facilitated by Jindal Foundation. By enhancing school infrastructure, the initiative directly contributes to the quality of education and the well-being of over 5 Lakh students, teachers, and the community on every year.

Education

The OP Jindal Group Schools are institutions which aim to educate students, with a global perspective, in order to make them worthy citizens and human resources of the nation. The O.P. Jindal Schools in Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Odisha impart education to more than 15,000 students in each academic year. The O.P. Jindal Schools serve as model educational institutions and centres of excellence in their local areas.

The real aim of education is to transform an infant into a perfect human being accomplished with all the capabilities of serving the family, the society, the nation and the world as a whole.

O. P. JINDAL GROUP SCHOOLS are such institutions which aim to educate students, with a global perspective, in order to make them worthy citizens and human resources of the nation.

OPJS with their unique pedagogy backed up with meticulously laid state-of-the-art infrastructure in the midst of lush green surroundings emphasizes on proper & enjoyable learning under the guidance of a pool of highly diligent and dedicated educators. The schools infuse in students the perfect development of personality in all its levels of teaching. In addition to academics, our schools organize a significantly substantial number of multifarious activities which offer its students various avenues for improvement and develop skills necessary to succeed in school and beyond.

It is a proud privilege to assert that the mission of our schools is to refresh and reinforce our traditionally rich cultural heritage, to educate for life, and give to the nation good human beings.

Mission

To facilitate quality education by sculpting the characters of our students with intellectual powers as well as strength of culture. To prepare the students for the competitive world after the school. To make them disciplined & courageous, to make them enthusiasts & good learners. To enhance scientific & environmental temperament in students and above all to make them good human beings.

OPJS Services and Impact

O.P. Jindal Group of Schools are primarily aiming to cater to the quality education needs of the wards of the employees of establishments at the corresponding locations and the local residents, using best possible infrastructure being provided by JSP / Jindal Foundation.

We have brought the changes by penetrating to each layer of the socio-economic strata, in terms of their education needs. The quality education is reaching even to the lower & lower middle class families also.

O.P. Jindal Group of schools are serving the rural students of more than 100 villages around. The services of the Teachers are being utilized for Adult Literacy in the remote location(s) and other associates.

Our 8 schools operating with the name of OP Jindal School located in Angul, Barbil, Raigarh, Taraimal, Tamnar, Kunjemura, Rabo and Patratu have made an extraordinary measurable contribution towards the holistic upliftment of the society.

The alumni of OPJS are very well contributing to our society and strengthening the national priorities.

Education

In many of the villages of our interventions, local primary and secondary schools have a higher pupil-to-teacher ratio (PTR) than directed in the Right to Education Act. In order to bridge this gap and strengthen classroom processes, Jindal Foundation hires, trains, and supports these schools with community teachers to supplement the existing school staff with also objective to focus on zero drop outs an 100% enrollment in the communities besides bridging the gaps of pupil teacher ratio.

In order to improve the teacher student ratio as compared to the prescribed SSA Norm (1:30), total number of 277 honorary community teachers have been provided in 140+ vernacular medium schools across the business locations. Till date it has benefited over 1 lakh children and substantially reduce the teacher-pupil ratio from 1:53 to 1:25

Till date benefitting more than 50000 students and Pupil – Teacher Pupil ratio have improved from 1:53 to 1:25.

Education

The Interactive Science Center established in Baidapalli High School, Tensa by Jindal Foundation plays a crucial role in enhancing STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education This centre extends hands-on learning experiences, students to develop deeper understanding on Science and Mathematics. This centre incorporates innovative tools, simulations, and experiments, allowing students to explore scientific concepts in a fun and interactive manner. As a result, the Interactive Science Centre significantly contributes to fostering critical thinking, problem-solving, and creativity skills among young learners, preparing them for future success in STEM-related fields. Through this initiative, over 2000 students get benefitted on every year. This centre has been creating positive impact in:

Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice: One of the key advantages of interactive science centres is to bridge the gap between theory and practice on science and mathematics. Through this centre, the students can actively engage with scientific concepts through experiments and simulations. Through this process the students will receive the real-world applications of what they learn in the classroom.

Cultivating a Lifelong Love for Science & Mathematics: Secondly, this centre ignites a passion for science and mathematics in students that lasts a lifetime. This early exposure to the excitement of science and mathematics can inspire students to pursue further studies and careers in the educational fields of science and mathematics.

Education

Functional literacy training is a critical component in empowering underprivileged women, providing them with essential skills needed to navigate everyday challenges and improve their socio-economic status. Unlike traditional literacy programs that focus on reading and writing in isolation, functional literacy aims to equip individuals with practical skills that are immediately applicable in daily life. Jindal Foundation has initiated the Anjor- The Functional Literacy Training program to the underprivileged women since 2012. Through such initiative, women are equipped with reading, writing, and numeracy skills that they can use in practical situations such as managing household finances, understanding health information, and accessing services. Such novel initiative could be able to enhance their employability and entrepreneurial skills by teaching basic job-related skills and business management practices. Over 5000 rural women have been benefited so far through this activity.

Education

Scholarship support is being provided to the needy and underprivileged means cum merit basis in order to enable them to pursue further studies. These scholarships have effectively boosted the confidence of talented children in our areas of operation. Till date this has benefitted more than 10000 students have received Scholarship for continuing their education.

Education

Jindal Asha centres are vocational and rehabilitation centres for children with special needs and seeks to empower people with disabilities. The Centres provides rehabilitation services, ranging from physiotherapy for improved mobility to special education and skill training, to children with disabilities, identified through screening camps held in the villages near JSP's operations in 3 states. Since the centre opened in August 2009, around 5500+ differently abled children have received support for cognitive, social and psychological development, opportunities for skill development, and special education for those with speech and hearing impairments

Jindal Asha centres have been established with an objective to impart special education and therapeutic services to the Children / Persons with special needs living in the periphery villages so as to rehabilitate and mainstream them and enable them to take life in its full steam. Till date over 5500+ children have been provided with various rehabilitation services such as:

  • Physiotherapy for mobility improvement
  • Special education to mentally retarded children for cognitive
  • Social and psychological development with appropriate life skills
  • Special education for speech and hearing-impaired children and
  • Creating opportunities for skill training to make them self-reliant

Presently Jindal Asha centres are functional at Raigarh, Angul and Patratu locations in Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Jharkhand respectively. Along with therapeutic services it also provides aids and appliances and high-quality assistive devices at subsidized rates.

The centre-based facilities cover various rehabilitation services in day-care mode to nearly 500 children with disabilities regularly; they are also provided to and fro free transportation facility from their respective homes to the center and back. Over 500 persons with disabilities are being sustained through community-based rehabilitation.

At Present Jindal Foundation, Patratu and Special Olympics Bharat (Jharkhand) has launched a Sports Center Program for differently abled children from the nearby communities under their project Jindal Asha.

Adding value to the project, Sports Centre Program is launched at Jindal Asha center, Patratu. Under the Sports Centre Program program, these children will be trained in various Olympic style individual and team sports after which they will be able to participate in various district, state, national & international level competitions.

Education

DAV Savitri Jindal School, Angul (Odisha): The DAV Savitri Jindal School was founded to develop a model vernacular school wherein, this could: augment the availability and quality of extracurricular activities for holistic personality development, provide need-based capacity building to enable the teaching staff to create a child-friendly learning environment, focused on first generation learners, support students' physical and psychological development, and inculcate good behaviour and hygienic practices for good health.For this program, there is a partnership with Dayanand Anglo Vedic College Management Committee (DAVCMC), whereby DAV extends its school management expertise and proven models to provide holistic, high-quality education in the vernacular medium. The majority of the students enrolled in the school belong to economically weaker sections.

OP Jindal School, Rabo(Tamnar-CG): The O.P. Jindal Primary School, Rabo was founded in 2015-16 to provide quality english-medium primary education for the community living in a remote area around the Rabo dam 35 kilometres west of Raigarh. The school is now running with a strength of 200 students from Nursery to Class V, the majority being tribal.

Education

Jindal Angel School programme is an initiative with the objective to cater to a child's development before their stepping into primary school. The uniqueness of the project is the community ownership embedded in its establishment and operation which is being facilitated by Jindal Foundation. The focus of this program is to enable the children to get admission into English medium schools. Present strength in Pre-Primary classes at Little Angels Schools in Chhattisgarh. These center so far has benefitted over 2000+ children. This initiative has improved physiological, social, and physical development of community children. Over 1800+ Children are mainstreamed in nearby English medium schools for formal education.

Jindal Foundation Women Education & Skill Development Scheme:

Education
 

Please Refer the Updated SOP

Refer the SOP
Application Form
Please mail the filled in application form with all details at: info.education@jsplfoundation.com
 & fill out the Online Form using the following link: Online Application Form

Last Date of Application : 31.08.2024

Jindal Lighthouse Skill Development Project

Jindal Gyan: The Assistive Device Library for the Visually Impaired Children

Jindal Foundation, the social arm of Jindal Steel and Power, opened ‘Jindal Gyan’ an advanced assistive devices library in Bhubaneswar catering to the needs of the visually impaired. The Assistive Devices library for the visually impaired people is a collection of assistive technologies that enable individuals with visual impairments to access and use digital information. This library includes devices such as Braille Slate, Braille Scale Steel, Tactile Drawing Board, Smart Cane Device, Video Magnier, Learning Devices like Tactile Geometry Kit, Kibo Device, Illuminated Tactile Globe and different gaming devices. This will allow users to read and interact with the support of these devices. Additionally, it also includes assistive tools such as audio descriptions, closed captions, and audio books that provide alternative ways for users to access information. This unique library will cerate access for the individuals who are blind or have low vision. This can gain independence, pursue education and employment opportunities, and engage in social activities without barriers. The first of its kind initiative in the city aims to empower visually impaired Divyangas by facilitating them to access state-of-the-art assistive devices and leveraging advanced technologies. This novel initiative has been benefiting over 1100 visually challenged people.

Education Infrastructure for Employment: Jindal Bhaktivedanta Library & Study Centre, in order to assist Odisha students for their capacity building for competing in various competitive examinations, Jindal Bhaktivedanta Library and Study Centre with modern facilities have been started at Bhubaneswar in collaboration with ISKCON Youth Forum. Jindal Bhaktivedanta Library & Study Centre have the facilities of Library with Reading Room for students preparing for different competitive examinations like UPSC, State PSC, Banking and other Professional entrance exams. The library cum reading room can accommodate 300 students in two shifts. It also has hostel facilities for 50 students with a provision of pure veg food. The Centre will also have the facilities of Counsellors, Mentors, who can counsel and guide these students.

Jindal Lighthouse Skill Development Project

JSPL Foundation, the CSR arm of Jindal Steel & Power Ltd (JSPL) has launched ‘Project UTKARSH’ to provide free online interactive pre-recruitment coaching for youths of socially and economically weaker sections in the Angul district of Odisha. The project has been started in collaboration with IAS Gurukul, a leading institute for civil service coaching in Bhubaneswar. This center provides free online result-oriented pre-recruitment coaching and guidance to youth aspirants of Angul to equip them with the necessary knowledge, skills, and strategies to excel in various competitive examinations. This comprehensive support system aims to enhance their understanding of exam patterns, improve time management, and build confidence. By offering personalized guidance and a structured learning environment, these coaching programs help the youth to achieve their goals and secure their desired future opportunities.

online coaching platform focuses on providing targeted assistance to underprivileged, backward, and differently abled youth, empowering them to excel in various competitive examinations. By offering result-driven guidance, it aims to bridge the gap and create equal opportunities for these aspirants to achieve their goals and enhance their prospects. This center acts like a catalyst in transforming the life of over 500 youths. Because of this intervention, 76 youth have already been placed in Govt. and Banking sectors. 9 underprivileged students (One differently abled) have qualified in Odisha Administrative Service through Odisha Public Service Commission, Govt. of Odisha.

Jindal Lighthouse Skill Development Project

For young people today, it is more important than ever that they are well-equipped to enter the workforce. Irrespective of the fact that one might be educated, many lack the skills they need to get the jobs they want. This is more prevalent among the rural and poor communities. Skills can be acquired by consistent learning. Skill training is helping the people to identify, train and nurture their innate talent in the desired field.

Everyone needs to develop specific set of core life skills to manage education, work, outside interests, and social relationships successfully. From the perspective of brain development, these skills include planning, focus, self-control, awareness, and flexibility—also known as “executive function” and “self-regulation” skills. With basic idea as this, the Jindal Foundation endeavours to support the not so privileged young minds in shaping up their dreams into actuality. It believes informal and non-formal learning supports wider learning, development and participation in society, where OPJCC imparts vocational skills predominantly to tribal and rural youths, Jindal Lighthouse Skill Development project focus on urban/semi-urban youths. Jindal Foundation in collaboration with Lighthouse Communities Foundation, BMC, BSCL, and the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, launched the first Bhubaneswar’s Lighthouse & Jaga Skilling Hub. The project aims to provide technical skills, life skills, job competencies, and continuous mentoring to all trainees from urban/semi-urban areas associated with this initiative. Through this skill centre we are focused in empowering and educating young boys and girls in a participative, inclusive and expressive manner. The programme aims to nurture and build skills of 1000 youth from urban and semi urban.